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Ionophores

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Definition: Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.     
See Also Cell Membrane Permeability
Examples Calcium Ionophores; Potassium Ionophores; Proton Ionophores; Sodium Ionophores
Substances having this pharmacologic action: Lasalocid; Nigericin; Valinomycin; Okadaic Acid; Alamethicin; Nystatin
 
SubstanceCAS Registry & nameCategoriesSourceDrugs*
cephaibol C  0   *Peptides Anti-Bacterial Agents Ionophores. J Pept Sci 2003 Nov-Dec;9(11-12):745-52
cephaibol B  0   *Peptides Anti-Bacterial Agents Ionophores. J Pept Sci 2003 Nov-Dec;9(11-12):745-52
cephaibol A  0   *Peptides Anti-Bacterial Agents Ionophores. J Pept Sci 2003 Nov-Dec;9(11-12):745-52
zincophorin methyl ester  0   *Carboxylic Acids Ionophores. J Org Chem 2004 Jul 9;69(14):4626-47
trichogin GA IV  0   *Lipopeptides Anti-Bacterial Agents Ionophores. J Pept Sci 1998 Sep;4(6):389-99
carbonylcyanide 4-chlorophenylhydrazone  946-76-9   Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone/*analogs & derivatives Ionophores. Mol Microbiol 1997 Mar;23(6):1107-20
3-decyl-1,5,8-triazacyclodecane-2,4-dione  0   *Heterocyclic Compounds Ionophores. Anal Chem 1994 Nov 1;66(21):3587-91
ETH 157  61595-77-5   *Acetamides Ionophores. J Bacteriol 1994 May;176(9):2543-50
ulapualide A  100045-73-6   *Oxazoles Ionophores. J Comput Aided Mol Des 1993 Oct;7(5):573-86
humulinic acid  520-40-1   *Cyclopentanes Ionophores. J Biolumin Chemilumin 1993 May-Jun;8(3):147-52
isohumulone  25522-96-7   *Cyclopentanes Ionophores. J Biolumin Chemilumin 1993 May-Jun;8(3):147-52
CP 72588  145514-43-8   *Ethers, Cyclic Ionophores. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992 Oct;36(10):2080-4
N,N,N',N'-tetracyclohexyl-3-oxapentanediamide  74267-27-9 Acetamide, 2,2'-oxybis(N,N-dicyclohexyl)  *Cyclohexanes Ionophores. J Tongji Med Univ 1992;12(2):98-102
T130R2  107397-59-1 Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane, ether with 2,2',2'',2'''-(1,2-ethanediyldinitrilo)tetrakis(ethanol) (4:1), block  *Polyethylene Glycols *Ethylenediamines Ionophores. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1992 Jul;200(3):330-7
mastoparan, des-Ile(1)-des-Asn(2)  107048-32-8   *Oligopeptides Ionophores Wasp Venoms. Proteins 1992;12(2):111-6
semduramicin  113378-31-7   Nigericin/*analogs & derivatives Ionophores. Anal Chem 1991 Sep 1;63(17):1789-94
ferrimycin  65454-32-2   *Ferric Compounds Ionophores. J Bacteriol 1992 Feb;174(3):1029-35
ETH 1810  99281-50-2   *Imides Ionophores Lithium. J Membr Biol 1991;121(2):133
soya-cerebroside II  115074-93-6 Hexadecanamide, N-(1-((beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)methyl)-2-hydroxy-3,7-heptadecadienyl)-2-hydroxy-, (1S-(1R*(S*),2S*,3E,7Z))  *Cerebrosides Ionophores. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1990;38(11:2938
soya-cerebroside I  114297-20-0 Hexadecanamide, N-(1-((beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)methyl)-2-hydroxy-3,7-heptadecadienyl)-2-hydroxy-, (1S-(1R*(S*),2S*,3E,7E))  *Cerebrosides Ionophores. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1990;38(11):2933
hexadecaisoleucinomycin  65230-10-6 Cyclo(3-methyl-D-2-hydroxybutanoyl-D-isoleucyl-L-2-hydroxypropanoyl-L-isoleucyl-3-methyl-D-2-hydroxybutanoyl-D-isoleucyl-L-2-hydroxypropanoyl-L-isoleucyl-3-methyl-D-2-hydroxybutanoyl-D-isoleucyl-L-2-hydroxypropanoyl-L-isoleucyl-3-methyl-D-2-hydroxybutano  Valinomycin/*analogs & derivatives Ionophores. J Mol Graph 1989;7(2):82
ETH 5282  127192-89-6   *Amides *Malonates Ionophores. Clin Chem 1990;36(3):466
GABA-benzodiazepine receptor-chloride ionophore complex  0   *Receptors, GABA-A Chlorides Ionophores. Mol Neurobiol 1988;2(4):291
CP 78545  124150-86-3   *Carboxylic Acids Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1989;42(8):1213
omomycin  106803-22-9   Ethers Ionophores. Agents Actions 1988;23(3-4):161
tetronasin  75139-05-8   Furans Ionophores. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988;54(2):544
N,N',N''-triacetylfusarinine C  59200-35-0 Iron, ((N2-acetyl-N5-hydroxy-N5-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-2-pentenyl)-L-ornithine trimol. lactonato)(3-))-, stereoisomer  *Ferric Compounds *Hydroxamic Acids Ionophores. J Bacteriol 1987;169(8):3664
cupric schizokinen  0   *Hydroxamic Acids *Organometallic Compounds Copper Ionophores. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987;53(5):917
16,16-dimethyl-15-dehydroprostaglandin B1 trimer  0   *Prostaglandins B Ionophores. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987;143(3):1024
t-butyloxycarbonyl-tryptophyl-isoleucyl-alanyl-aminoisobutyryl-isoleucyl-valyl-aminoisobutyryl-leucyl-aminoisobutyryl-proline methyl ester  0   *Oligopeptides Ionophores. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986;83(24):9284
pseudobactin A214  99332-36-2   *Oligopeptides Ionophores.
ETH 227  61183-76-4 Acetamide, 2,2'-((2-ethyl-2-((2-(heptylmethylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediyl)bis(oxy))bis(N-heptyl-N-methyl)  *Acetamides Ionophores. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1986;12(4):239
N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-prolyl-alanyl-alanyl-methylamide  103137-93-5   *Oligopeptides Ionophores. FEBS Lett 1986;200(1):58
N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-prolyl-glycyl-alanyl-methylamide  103137-94-6   *Oligopeptides Ionophores. FEBS Lett 1986;200(1):58
cyclo(Glu(O-benzyl)-Sar-Gly-(N-n-decyl)Gly)2  73243-34-2   *Peptides, Cyclic Ionophores. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986;134(2):731
ETH 1644  80547-18-8 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxamide, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-, cis  *Amides Ionophores Lithium. J Membr Biol 1985;86(1):61
platelet activating factor phosphatidate  65154-06-5 Blood platelet-activating factor, 2-((1H-inden-7-yloxy)methyl)-, (R)  *Platelet Activating Factor Ionophores. Cell Calcium 1984;5(5):463
zincophorin  95673-10-2 2H-Pyran-2-acetic acid, tetrahydro-alpha,5-dimethyl-6-(2,4,6,12-tetrahydroxy-1,3,5,11,13,15-hexamethyl-9,13-octadecadienyl)-, (2S-(2alpha(R*),5alpha,6beta(1R*,2R*,3R*,4R*,5R*,6S*,9E,11S*,12S*,13E,15S*)))  Propionates Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1984;37(11):1501; J Org Chem. 2004 Jul 9;69(14):4626-47
2,13-divaleryldibenzo-18-crown-6  68725-69-9   *Crown Ethers Ionophores. Tsitologiia 1984;26(4):409
CDA antibiotic  0   *Peptides Calcium Ionophores. J Gen Microbiol 1983;129(pt 12):3565
laidlomycin butyrate  78734-45-9   Monensin/*analogs & derivatives Ionophores. J Anim Sci 1983;57(6):1553
antibiotic X 14885A  83917-57-1 4-Benzoxazolecarboxylic acid, 2-((3,9-dimethyl-8-(1-methyl-2-oxo-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethyl)-1,7-dioxaspiro(5.5)undec-2-yl)methyl)-5-hydroxy-, (2R-(2alpha,3alpha,6beta(8S*(S*),9R*)))  Pyrans Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1983;36(9):1118
cezomycin  83874-22-0   Calcimycin/*analogs & derivatives Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1982;35(10):1409
4-bromo-A-23187  76455-48-6 4-Benzoxazolecarboxylic acid, 6-bromo-5-(methylamino)-2-((3,9,11-trimethyl-8-(1-methyl-2-oxo-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethyl)-1,7-dioxaspiro(5.5)undec-2-yl)methyl)-, (6S-(6alpha(2S*,3S*),8beta(R*),9beta,11alpha))  Calcimycin/*analogs & derivatives Ionophores. Biochemistry 1981;20(24):6865
3'-hydroxydianemycin  80118-78-1 Dianemycin, 3'-hydroxy-, monosodium salt, (3'R)  *Aminoglycosides Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(10):1369
4'-O-demethyldianemycin  80118-77-0 Dianemycin, 4'-O-demethyl-, monosodium salt  *Aminoglycosides Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(10):136
X 14667B  75761-61-4 Monensin, 26-((2-phenylethyl)carbamate)  Monensin/*analogs & derivatives Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(10):1241
X 14667A  75761-62-5 Monensin, 16-deethyl-16-methyl-, 26-((2-phenylethyl)carbamate)  Monensin/*analogs & derivatives Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(10):1241
X 14766A  75217-55-9 Noboritomycin A, 6-chloro  *Ethers Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(2):133
6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedione  17587-22-3   *Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated Ionophores. Arzneim Forsch 1981;31(2):288
bromolasalocid  38784-08-6   Lasalocid/*analogs & derivatives Ionophores. Pharmacol Res Commun 1981;13(2):175
McN 4308  66619-75-8 Acetic acid, (2-(4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl)-2-oxoethoxy)  *Piperidines Ionophores. Biochim Biophys Acta 1980;598(3):575
leuseramycin  73537-10-7 Dianemycin, 30-deoxy  Ethers Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1980;33(2):137
dihydrogrisorixin  71641-04-8 Nigericin, 25,29-deepoxy-30-deoxy-25-hydroxy  Nigericin/*analogs & derivatives Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1979;32(7):740
X 14547-A  66513-28-8 2H-Pyran-2-acetic acid, 6-(1-ethyl-4-(1-ethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-4-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl)-1H-inden-5-yl)-1,3-butadienyl)tetrahydro-alpha,5-dimethyl-, (1S-(1alpha,3abeta,4beta,5beta(1E(2S*(S*),5R*,6S*),3E),7aalpha))  *Indenes Ionophores. J Antibiot(Tokyo) 32(2):100;1979; J Antibiot(Tokyo): 32(2):95;1979
closantel  57808-65-8   *Salicylanilides Ionophores.
Pharma Action Anthelmintics ; Insecticides 		Arch Int Physiol Biochim 1979;87(4):851
cationomycin  80394-65-6 Cationomycin  *Furans Ionophores. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(11):1513
maduramycin  61991-54-6 Maduramycin  Lactones Ionophores.
Pharma Action Anti-Bacterial Agents 		Z Allg Mikrobiol 18(6):389;1978
DECYL-2  67319-72-6 Cyclic(L-alpha-glutamyl-N-methylglycylglycyl-N-decylglycyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-N-methylglycylglycyl-N-decylglycyl)  *Peptides, Cyclic Ionophores. Biochem Biophys Res Comms 81(4):1357;1978
pyridinophane cryptand  61696-67-1   *Ethers, Cyclic Ionophores Ligands. Biochim Biophys Acta 508(1):122;1978
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Sources: NLM Medical Subject Headings, NIH UMLS, Drugs@FDA, FDA AERS original data copyright United States Government. No endorsement implied. Last modified 6/6/2012
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